| Peer-Reviewed

The Contribution of Different Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Stroke

Received: 12 November 2014     Accepted: 27 November 2014     Published: 15 December 2014
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: Although stroke cause substantial morbidity and mortality, it is unclear how individuals are affected, or a group of risk factors contribute to stroke outcomes especially in developing countries. Methods: This study evaluated the risk factors of stroke. This was a cross-sectional study of stroke patients from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital; Adult enrolees who were eligible for inclusion were persons who have had stroke within twenty-four hours of onset without any medication. Questionnaires were used to gather information on medical history, demographic features and lifestyle. The lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and blood pressure were measured, likewise the determination of aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Results: Out of 224 stroke patients, of mean age 65.64 ± 1.08 SEM years, used for the study, 56.7% of the patients had hyperglycaemia, whereas 47.2% were known diabetics. Hypertriglyceridaemiawas found in 55.8%, followed by 30.8% of the patients who had a reduced HDL-C and 17.95% of them with increased LDL-C. About 20% of the patients had raised AST, 7.1% raised ALT and 14.7% raised GGT above the normal levels. As high as 63% of stroke patients had high blood pressure. Conclusions: There were a high prevalence of both hypertension and hyperglycaemia among the stroke patients. Based on this study, it is important to stress the need for educating the stroke patients and/or their caregivers, on the aetiology of stroke and the treatment options. The general population should also be educated on primary preventive measures for all age groups and both genders.

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21
Page(s) 387-391
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Stroke, Risk Factors, Dyslipidimea, Hyperglycaemia

References
[1] Adams, H.P., Bendixen, B.H.and Kappelle,L.J. (1993) Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial: TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 24, 35–41.
[2] Algra, A. (2006) Medium intensity oral anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin (ESPRIT): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 367, 1665–1673.
[3] Allan, J.D., Mayo, K. and Michel, Y. (2007) Body size values of white and black women. Res Nurs Health.16, 323–333.
[4] Baker A.B.and Katsuki, S. (1999) A study of a Causation and Oriental population. Geriatrics 24, 83-88.
[5] Booth, J. (1999) A short history of blood pressure measurement.Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 70, 793–799.
[6] Donnan, G.A., Fisher, M., Macleod, M. and Davis, S .M. (2008) Stroke.Lancet. 371, 1612–1623.
[7] Fustinoni, O. and Biller, J. (2000) Ethnicity and stroke: beware of the fallacies. Stroke.31, 1013–1015.
[8] Gress, T.W., Nieto, F.J., Shahar, E., Wofford, M.R.and Brancati, F.L. (2000) Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.N Engl J Med. 342, 905- 912.
[9] Grundy, S.M., Brewer, H.B., Cleeman, J.I., Smith, S.C. and Lenfant, D. (2004) Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition.Circulation. 109, 433-438.
[10] Hier, D.B. Foulkes, M.A., Swiontoniowski, M., Sacco R.L., Gorelick, P.B., Mohr, J.P., Price, T.R. and Wolf P.A.(1991)Stroke recurrence within 2 years after ischemic infarction.Stroke. 22, 155–161.
[11] Husten, C.G., Shelton, D.M, .Chrismon, J.H., Lin, Y.C., Mowery, P. and Powell, F.A. (2004) Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation among older adults.Tob Control.6, 175–180.
[12] Konishi, M., Iso, H., Komachi, J., Shimamoto, T., Jacobs, D.R. and Terao, A. (2003) Associations of serum total cholesterol, different types of stroke, and stenosis distribution of cerebral arteries: The Akita Pathology Study. Stroke. 24, 954-964.
[13] McDowell, F., Potes, J. and Groch, S. (2001) The natural history of internal carotid and vertebral-basilar artery occlusion. Neurology. 11, 153-157.
[14] McNeill, A.M., Rosamond, W.D. and Girman C.J. (2006) The Metabolic Syndrome and 11-Year Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Diabetes Care.28, 385-390.
[15] Ofili, E.O., Kern, M.J. and Labovitz, A.J., (1993) Analysis of coronary blood flow velocity dynamics in angiographically normal and stenosed arteries before and after endolumen enlargement by angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. 21, 308–311.
[16] Otvos, J. (1999) Measurement of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin Cardiol. 22, I21–172.
[17] Perry, I.J., Wannamethee, S.G. and Shaper, A.G. (1998) Prospective study of serum γ-glutamyltransferase and risk of NIDDM.Diabetes Care. 211, 732–737.
[18] Srinivasan, S.R., Myers, L. and Berenson, G.S. (2003) Predictability of childhood adiposity and insulin for developing insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome X) in young adulthood. The Bogalusa Heart Study.Diabetes.51, 204−209.
[19] Woo, J., Lau, E. and Kay, R. (2002) Elderly subjects aged 70 years and above have different risk factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes compared to younger subjects. J Am Geriatric Soc. 40, 124–129.
[20] Yuan, G., Al-Shali, K.Z. and Hegele, R.A. (2007) Hypertriglyceridemia: its etiology, effects and treatment. CMAJ.176,113-120.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Precious Barnes, Kwabena Nsiah, Faustina Mensah. (2014). The Contribution of Different Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Stroke. American Journal of Health Research, 2(6), 387-391. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Precious Barnes; Kwabena Nsiah; Faustina Mensah. The Contribution of Different Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Stroke. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(6), 387-391. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Precious Barnes, Kwabena Nsiah, Faustina Mensah. The Contribution of Different Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Stroke. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(6):387-391. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21,
      author = {Precious Barnes and Kwabena Nsiah and Faustina Mensah},
      title = {The Contribution of Different Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Stroke},
      journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {387-391},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140206.21},
      abstract = {Background: Although stroke cause substantial morbidity and mortality, it is unclear how individuals are affected, or a group of risk factors contribute to stroke outcomes especially in developing countries. Methods: This study evaluated the risk factors of stroke. This was a cross-sectional study of stroke patients from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital; Adult enrolees who were eligible for inclusion were persons who have had stroke within twenty-four hours of onset without any medication. Questionnaires were used to gather information on medical history, demographic features and lifestyle. The lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and blood pressure were measured, likewise the determination of aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Results: Out of 224 stroke patients, of mean age 65.64 ± 1.08 SEM years, used for the study, 56.7% of the patients had hyperglycaemia, whereas 47.2% were known diabetics. Hypertriglyceridaemiawas found in 55.8%, followed by 30.8% of the patients who had a reduced HDL-C and 17.95% of them with increased LDL-C. About 20% of the patients had raised AST, 7.1% raised ALT and 14.7% raised GGT above the normal levels. As high as 63% of stroke patients had high blood pressure. Conclusions: There were a high prevalence of both hypertension and hyperglycaemia among the stroke patients. Based on this study, it is important to stress the need for educating the stroke patients and/or their caregivers, on the aetiology of stroke and the treatment options. The general population should also be educated on primary preventive measures for all age groups and both genders.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Contribution of Different Risk Factors in the Occurrence of Stroke
    AU  - Precious Barnes
    AU  - Kwabena Nsiah
    AU  - Faustina Mensah
    Y1  - 2014/12/15
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21
    T2  - American Journal of Health Research
    JF  - American Journal of Health Research
    JO  - American Journal of Health Research
    SP  - 387
    EP  - 391
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8796
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140206.21
    AB  - Background: Although stroke cause substantial morbidity and mortality, it is unclear how individuals are affected, or a group of risk factors contribute to stroke outcomes especially in developing countries. Methods: This study evaluated the risk factors of stroke. This was a cross-sectional study of stroke patients from Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital; Adult enrolees who were eligible for inclusion were persons who have had stroke within twenty-four hours of onset without any medication. Questionnaires were used to gather information on medical history, demographic features and lifestyle. The lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and blood pressure were measured, likewise the determination of aminotransferases and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Results: Out of 224 stroke patients, of mean age 65.64 ± 1.08 SEM years, used for the study, 56.7% of the patients had hyperglycaemia, whereas 47.2% were known diabetics. Hypertriglyceridaemiawas found in 55.8%, followed by 30.8% of the patients who had a reduced HDL-C and 17.95% of them with increased LDL-C. About 20% of the patients had raised AST, 7.1% raised ALT and 14.7% raised GGT above the normal levels. As high as 63% of stroke patients had high blood pressure. Conclusions: There were a high prevalence of both hypertension and hyperglycaemia among the stroke patients. Based on this study, it is important to stress the need for educating the stroke patients and/or their caregivers, on the aetiology of stroke and the treatment options. The general population should also be educated on primary preventive measures for all age groups and both genders.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Biochemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

  • Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

  • Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

  • Sections