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Utilization of ANC and PNC Services in Nepal: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 and 2006

Received: 7 September 2015     Accepted: 19 September 2015     Published: 13 October 2015
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Abstract

Background: Maternal Mortality is a public health problem in Nepal, which was highest in 1990 among the South Asian countries. Associated factors of maternal mortality are various; among them maternal health services such as antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services are the main. Methods: A multivariate secondary data analysis out based on Nepal Demographic Health Surveys 2001 and 2006. Logistic regression models was performed to compare the utilization of the ANC and PNC services, with background characteristics of women aged between 15 to 49 years old. Results: A total of 8913 reproductive aged groups (15-49) women were taken for analysis and the mean age was 28.59±7.040 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that health facility delivery (AOR=1.297, 95% CI=1.135-1.481), PNC check-up at health facility (AOD=4.442, 95% CI=2.815-7.011) and PNC service with a skilled health worker (AOD=4.533, 95% CI=2.753-7.465) utilized more in 2006 compared to 2001. This study also found that highly educated women had (AOD, 95% CI=10.823-22.968) more utilized the heath facility during pregnancy and (AOD, 95% CI=2.194-16.950) more likely during a PNC check-up, whereas, educated women were less (AOR=0.043, 95% CI=0.007-0.254) likely consult with a skilled professional. Similarly, antenatal care (ANC) visits (4 or more than four) and ANC visit in the first trimester were increased (95% CI=1.137-1.518) and (AOD=1.041, 95% CI=0.924-1.173) respectively. This study found that educated women, those who were living in urban areas, were more likely to use maternal health services compared to other regions. Conclusion: Increased in utilization of the ANC and PNC services through skilled health workers in a health facility among cohorts of educated women. However, the improvements were not equally distributed across the all regions in the country. This utilization of maternal health services is not sufficient to achieve the MDG goal. Because, health facility delivery is poor and counterpart home delivery is still high in Nepal.

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11
Page(s) 318-327
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antenatal Care and Postnatal Care, Maternal Health Service, Nepal

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mahara Gehendra, Asweto Collins, Cao Kai, Alzain M. Ali, Sebastian Andrea, et al. (2015). Utilization of ANC and PNC Services in Nepal: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 and 2006. American Journal of Health Research, 3(6), 318-327. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11

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    ACS Style

    Mahara Gehendra; Asweto Collins; Cao Kai; Alzain M. Ali; Sebastian Andrea, et al. Utilization of ANC and PNC Services in Nepal: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 and 2006. Am. J. Health Res. 2015, 3(6), 318-327. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11

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    AMA Style

    Mahara Gehendra, Asweto Collins, Cao Kai, Alzain M. Ali, Sebastian Andrea, et al. Utilization of ANC and PNC Services in Nepal: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 and 2006. Am J Health Res. 2015;3(6):318-327. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11,
      author = {Mahara Gehendra and Asweto Collins and Cao Kai and Alzain M. Ali and Sebastian Andrea and Barr Jill and Guo Xiuhua and Wang Wei},
      title = {Utilization of ANC and PNC Services in Nepal: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 and 2006},
      journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {318-327},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20150306.11},
      abstract = {Background: Maternal Mortality is a public health problem in Nepal, which was highest in 1990 among the South Asian countries. Associated factors of maternal mortality are various; among them maternal health services such as antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services are the main. Methods: A multivariate secondary data analysis out based on Nepal Demographic Health Surveys 2001 and 2006. Logistic regression models was performed to compare the utilization of the ANC and PNC services, with background characteristics of women aged between 15 to 49 years old. Results: A total of 8913 reproductive aged groups (15-49) women were taken for analysis and the mean age was 28.59±7.040 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that health facility delivery (AOR=1.297, 95% CI=1.135-1.481), PNC check-up at health facility (AOD=4.442, 95% CI=2.815-7.011) and PNC service with a skilled health worker (AOD=4.533, 95% CI=2.753-7.465) utilized more in 2006 compared to 2001. This study also found that highly educated women had (AOD, 95% CI=10.823-22.968) more utilized the heath facility during pregnancy and (AOD, 95% CI=2.194-16.950) more likely during a PNC check-up, whereas, educated women were less (AOR=0.043, 95% CI=0.007-0.254) likely consult with a skilled professional. Similarly, antenatal care (ANC) visits (4 or more than four) and ANC visit in the first trimester were increased (95% CI=1.137-1.518) and (AOD=1.041, 95% CI=0.924-1.173) respectively. This study found that educated women, those who were living in urban areas, were more likely to use maternal health services compared to other regions. Conclusion: Increased in utilization of the ANC and PNC services through skilled health workers in a health facility among cohorts of educated women. However, the improvements were not equally distributed across the all regions in the country. This utilization of maternal health services is not sufficient to achieve the MDG goal. Because, health facility delivery is poor and counterpart home delivery is still high in Nepal.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Utilization of ANC and PNC Services in Nepal: A Multivariate Analysis Based on Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2001 and 2006
    AU  - Mahara Gehendra
    AU  - Asweto Collins
    AU  - Cao Kai
    AU  - Alzain M. Ali
    AU  - Sebastian Andrea
    AU  - Barr Jill
    AU  - Guo Xiuhua
    AU  - Wang Wei
    Y1  - 2015/10/13
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11
    T2  - American Journal of Health Research
    JF  - American Journal of Health Research
    JO  - American Journal of Health Research
    SP  - 318
    EP  - 327
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8796
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20150306.11
    AB  - Background: Maternal Mortality is a public health problem in Nepal, which was highest in 1990 among the South Asian countries. Associated factors of maternal mortality are various; among them maternal health services such as antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services are the main. Methods: A multivariate secondary data analysis out based on Nepal Demographic Health Surveys 2001 and 2006. Logistic regression models was performed to compare the utilization of the ANC and PNC services, with background characteristics of women aged between 15 to 49 years old. Results: A total of 8913 reproductive aged groups (15-49) women were taken for analysis and the mean age was 28.59±7.040 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that health facility delivery (AOR=1.297, 95% CI=1.135-1.481), PNC check-up at health facility (AOD=4.442, 95% CI=2.815-7.011) and PNC service with a skilled health worker (AOD=4.533, 95% CI=2.753-7.465) utilized more in 2006 compared to 2001. This study also found that highly educated women had (AOD, 95% CI=10.823-22.968) more utilized the heath facility during pregnancy and (AOD, 95% CI=2.194-16.950) more likely during a PNC check-up, whereas, educated women were less (AOR=0.043, 95% CI=0.007-0.254) likely consult with a skilled professional. Similarly, antenatal care (ANC) visits (4 or more than four) and ANC visit in the first trimester were increased (95% CI=1.137-1.518) and (AOD=1.041, 95% CI=0.924-1.173) respectively. This study found that educated women, those who were living in urban areas, were more likely to use maternal health services compared to other regions. Conclusion: Increased in utilization of the ANC and PNC services through skilled health workers in a health facility among cohorts of educated women. However, the improvements were not equally distributed across the all regions in the country. This utilization of maternal health services is not sufficient to achieve the MDG goal. Because, health facility delivery is poor and counterpart home delivery is still high in Nepal.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

  • Department Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

  • Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

  • Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

  • Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

  • School of Health and Well–Being, University of Wolverhapton, United Kingdom

  • Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

  • Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

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